Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, ARMENIA

G.L. Bayatian, N.K. Grigorian, V.G. Khachatrian, A. Margarian, A.M. Sirunian,
S.S. Stepanian

Institut für Hochenergiephysik der OeAW, Wien, AUSTRIA

W. Adam, R. Fruehwirth, J. Hrubec, A. Kluge, M. Krammer, N. Neumeister, H. Pernegger, M. Pernicka, P. Porth, D. Rakoczy, H. Rohringer, J. Scherzer, F. Szoncsó, G. Walzel,
T. Wildschek, C.E. Wulz

Byelorussian State University, Minsk, BELARUS

V.V. Petrov, V.S. Prosolovich

Institute of Nuclear Problems, Minsk, BELARUS

V.G. Baryshevsky, A.A. Fedorov, M.V. Korzhik, O.V. Missevitch

National Centre of Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk, BELARUS

G.V. Basalyga, N.E. Chekhlova, V.A. Chekhovsky, O.V. Dvornikov, I.F. Emelianchik,
A.P. Khomich, V.L. Kolpaschikov, A.S. Kurilin, V.I. Kuvshinov, A.V. Litomin,
V.A. Mossolov, A.K. Panfilenko, A.V. Raspereza, S.I. Reutovich, N.M. Shumeiko,
A.V. Solin, R.V. Stefanovich, V.J. Stepanets, S.V. Sushkov, S.S. Vetokhin, Y. Yurenya, V.B. Zalessky, F.E. Zyazyulya

Research Institute of Applied Physical Problems, Minsk, BELARUS

F.A. Ermalitsky, P.V. Kuchinsky, V.M. Lomako

Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, BELGIUM

O. Bouhali, J.P. Dewulf, J. Sacton, J. Stefanescu, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer

Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, BELGIUM

J. Lemonne, S. Tavernier, F. Udo, W. Van Doninck, L. Van Lancker, V. Zhukov

Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BELGIUM

K. Bernier, D. Favart, J. Govaerts, G. Grégoire

Université de Mons-Hainaut, Mons, BELGIUM

I. Boulogne, E. Daubie, Ph. Herquet, R. Windmolders

Universitaire Instelling Antwerpen, Wilrijk, BELGIUM

W. Beaumont, T. Beckers, J. De Troy, Ch. Van Dyck, F. Verbeure

Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, BULGARIA

T. Anguelov, G. Antchev, I. Atanasov, D. Bourilkov, L. Dimitrov, V. Genchev, G. Georgiev, P. Hristov, P. Iaydjiev, I. Ivanov, L. Penchev, V. Penev, A. Shklovskaja, G. Sultanov,
I. Vankov

University of Sofia, Sofia, BULGARIA

A. Gritskov, A. Jordanov, L. Litov, P. Petev, V. Spassov, R. Tsenov, G. Velev

Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, CHINA, PR

G.M. Chen, Y. Chen, B. Cheng, Y.F. Gu, Y.N. Guo, J.T. He, B.N. Jin, Z.J. Ke,
J. Li, W.G. Li, X.N. Li, J. Liu, B.W. Shen, C.Q. Shen, P.R. Shen, X.Y. Shen,
H.Y. Sheng, H.Z. Shi, X.F. Song, Y.Y. Wang, Y.R. Wu, R.S. Xu, B.Y. Zhang,
S.Q. Zhang, W.R. Zhao, J.P. Zheng, G.Y. Zhu

Peking University, Beijing, CHINA, PR

Y. Ban, J.E. Chen, H. Liu, S. Liu, B. Lou, S. Qian, Y. Ye

University for Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, CHINA, PR

Q. An, Z. Bian, C. Li, Ch. Shi, L. Sun, X. Wang, Z. Wang, J. Wu, S. Ye, Z. Zhang

Technical University of Split, Split, CROATIA

N. Godinovic, M. Milin1, I. Puljak, I. Soric, M. Stipcevic1, J. Tudoric-Ghemo

University of Split, Split, CROATIA

Z. Antunovic, M. Dzelalija

University of Cyprus, Nicosia, CYPRUS

A. Hasan, P.A. Razis, A. Vorvolakos

Institute of Scientific Instruments, Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC

J. Dupak, P. Hanzelka, M. Horacek, A. Srnka

Charles University, Praha, CZECH REPUBLIC

M. Finger, T. Kracikova, A. Linka, J. Picek, M. Slunecka, M. Sulc

Czech Technical University, Praha, CZECH REPUBLIC

M. Laub, R. Nova'k, M. Vognar, J. Zicha

Institute of Computing Machines, Praha, CZECH REPUBLIC

M. Tomasek

Nuclear Research Institute, Rez, CZECH REPUBLIC

A. Janata

Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, ESTONIA

R. Aguraiuja, A. Hall, E. Lippmaa, J. Lippmaa, R. Pikver, J. Subbi

Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND

S. Lehti

HIP, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND

O. Bouianov, N. Eiden, C. Eklund, L. Eronen, J. Hahkala, M. Heikkinen, V. Karimäki2,
R. Kinnunen, J. Klem, M. Kotamaki, E. Pietarinen, H. Saarikoski, K. Skog, J. Tuominiemi

University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND

J. Äystö, R. Julin, V. Ruuskanen

Dept. of Physics & Microelectronics Instrumentation Lab., University of Oulu, Oulu, FINLAND

L. Palmu, M. Piila, K. Remes, R. Skantsi, E. Suhonen, T. Tuuva

Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, FINLAND

J. Niittylahti, O. Vainio

Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, IN2P3-CNRS, Annecy-le-Vieux, FRANCE

G. Bassompierre, G. Bohner, J. Ditta, O. Drobychev, M. Forlen, J.P. Guillaud, J. Lecoq,
T. Leflour, S. Lieunard, M. Maire, P. Mendiburu, P. Nedelec, L. Oriboni, J.P. Peigneux,
M. Schneegans, D. Sillou, J.M. Thenard, J.P. Vialle

DSM/DAPNIA, CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FRANCE

M. Anfreville, P. Besson, P. Bonamy, E. Bougamont, R. Chipaux, V. Da Ponte, M. De Beer, P. De Girolamo, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J.L. Faure, M. Geleoc, F.X. Gentit, A. Givernaud, Y. Lemoigne, E. Locci, J.C. Lottin, Ch. Lyraud, J.P. Pansart, J. Rander, Ph. Rebourgeard, J.M. Reymond, F. Rondeaux, A. Rosowsky, P. Roth, P. Verrecchia, G. Villet

Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire des Hautes Energies, Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau, FRANCE

J. Badier, M. Bercher, A. Busata, Ph. Busson, D. Chamont, C. Charlot, B. Chaurand,
A. Debraine, L. Dobrzynski, L. Faurlini, O. Ferreira, H. Hillemanns, A. Karar, L. Kluberg, D. Lecouturier, P. Matricon, G. Milleret, P. Paganini, P. Poilleux, A. Romana, J.C. Vanel,
C. Violet

Institut de Recherches Subatomiques, IN2P3-CNRS - ULP, UHA, Strasbourg, FRANCE

F. Anstotz, J.D. Berst, J.M. Brom, F. Charles, J. Coffin, J. Croix, F. Drouhin, W. Dulinski, J.C. Fontaine, W. Geist, U. Goerlach, J.M. Helleboid, T. Henkes, B. Hilt, Ch. Hoffmann,
Y. Hu, D. Huss, F. Jeanneau, P. Juillot, P. Lorentz, A. Lounis, Ch. Maazouzi, V. Mack,
J. Michel, A. Pallares, P. Pralavorio, C. Racca, Y. Riahi, I. Ripp, Ph. Schmitt, J.P. Schunck, B. Schwaller, Th. Todorov, R. Turchetta, A. Zghiche

Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon, IN2P3-CNRS, Univ. Lyon I, Villeurbanne, FRANCE

M. Ageron, J.E. Augustin, M. Bedjidian, Y. Benhammou, V. Chorowicz, P. Cluzel,
D. Contardo, R. Della Negra, P. Depasse, O. Drapier, H. El Mamouni, D. Essertaize, J. Fay, S. Gardien, R. Genre, M. Goyot, J. Guyon, R. Haroutounian, B. Ille, G. Jacquet, P. Lebrun, Ch. Lemoine, N. Madjar, J.P. Martin, H. Mathez, L. Mirabito, S. Muanza, P. Pangaud,
M. Rebouillat, P. Sahuc, G. Smadja, S. Tissot, J.P. Walder, F. Zach

High Energy Physics Institute, Tbilisi, GEORGIA

N. Amaglobeli, I. Bagaturia, L. Glonti, V. Kartvelishvili, R. Kvatadze, D. Mzavia,
T. Sakhelashvili, R. Shanidze, E. Tchikovani

Institute of Physics, Tbilisi, GEORGIA

I. Iashvili, A. Kharchilava, N. Roinishvili, V. Roinishvili, L. Rurua

RWTH, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, GERMANY

W. Braunschweig, J. Breibach, W. Gu, K. Gundlfinger, W. Karpinski, Th. Kirn, T. Kubicki, Ch. Kukulies, K. Lübelsmeyer, D. Pandoulas, G. Pierschel, C. Rente, D. Schmitz, A. Schultz von Dratzig, J. Schwenke, R. Siedling, O. Syben, F. Tenbusch, M. Toporowsky, B. Wittmer, W.J. Xiao

RWTH, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, GERMANY

S. Bethke, O. Biebel, H. Faissner, H. Fesefeldt, D. Rein, H. Reithler, H. Schwarthoff,
V. Sondermann, V. Tano, H. Teykal, M. Tonutti, J. Tutas, M. Wegner

RWTH, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, GERMANY

F. Beissel, V. Commichau, G. Flügge, K. Hangarter, J. Kremp, D. Macke, O. Pooth,
P. Schmitz, R. Schulte

Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY

Th. Hebbeker

Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, GERMANY

P. Blüm, W. De Boer, M. Feindt2, H. Gemmeke, D. Knoblauch, A. Menchikov, S. Meyer, Th. Müller, D. Neuberger, H.J. Simonis, W.H. Thümmel, H. Wenzel, S. Weseler

University of Athens, Athens, GREECE

L. Resvanis

Institute of Nuclear Physics "Demokritos", Attiki, GREECE

G. Fanourakis, S. Harissopulos, P. Kokkinias, A. Kyriakis, D. Loukas, A. Markou,
Ch. Markou, I. Siotis, M. Spyropoulou-Stassinaki, S. Tzamarias, A. Vayaki, E. Zevgolatakos

University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, GREECE

I. Evangelou, K. Kloukinas, P. Kolovos, N. Manthos, A. Pagonis, F.A. Triantis

KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest, HUNGARY

G. Bencze2, A. Csilling, E. Denes, J. Ero2, C. Hajdu, D. Horvath, D. Kiss, I. Manno,
G. Odor, G. Pa'sztor, F. Sikler, A. Ster, L. Urban, G. Vesztergombi, P. Zalan, M. Zsenei

Kossuth Lajos University, Debrecen, HUNGARY

L. Baksay, T. Bondar, L. Brunel2, S. Juhasz, G. Marian, P. Raics, J. Szabo, Z. Szabo,
S. Szegedi, Z. Szillasi, T. Sztaricskai, G. Zilizi

Bhubaneswar Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, INDIA

S. Behari, B. Choudhary, D.P. Mahapatra, J. Maharana

Panjab University, Chandigarh, INDIA

S. Beri, M. Kaur, J.M. Kohli, J.B. Singh

Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, INDIA

R.K. Chaudhury, S.B. Jawale, B. John, S.R. Kataria, R.S. Koppikar, A.K. Mohanty,
S.V. Sastry, R.V. Srikantiah

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - EHEP, Mumbai, INDIA

T. Aziz, Sn. Banerjee2, S.N. Ganguli, S.K. Gupta, A. Gurtu, K. Mazumdar, R. Raghavan, K. Sudhakar, S.C. Tonwar

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - HECR, Mumbai, INDIA

B.S. Acharya, Sd. Banerjee, S. Dugad, M.R. Krishnaswamy, N.K. Mondal,
V. S. Narasimham

University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, INDIA

T. Chand, J. Cherian, R.K. Shivpuri, V.K. Verma

Università di Bari e Sezione dell' INFN, Bari, ITALY

M. Angarano, A. Colaleo, D. Creanza, M. De Palma, L. Fiore, G. Iaselli, F. Loddo,
G. Maggi, M. Maggi, B. Marangelli, S. My, S. Natali, S. Nuzzo, A. Ranieri, G. Raso,
F. Romano, F. Ruggieri, G. Selvaggi, P. Tempesta, G. Zito

Università di Bologna e Sezione dell' INFN, Bologna, ITALY

A. Benvenuti, P. Capiluppi, F. Cavallo, M. Cuffiani, I. D'Antone, G.M. Dalla Valle,
F. Fabbri, P.L. Frabetti, G. Giacomelli, M. Guerzoni, S. Marcellini, P. Mazzanti,
A. Montanari, F. Navarria, F. Odorici, A. Rossi, T. Rovelli, G. Siroli, G. Valenti

Università di Catania e Sezione dell' INFN, Catania, ITALY

S. Albergo, V. Bellini, D. Boemi, Z. Caccia, P. Castorina, S. Costa, L. Lo Monaco,
R. Potenza, A. Tricomi, C. Tuve

Università di Firenze e Sezione dell' INFN, Firenze, ITALY

F. Becattini, U. Biggeri, E. Borchi, M. Bruzzi, M. Capaccioli, G. Castellini, E. Catacchini,
C. Civinini, R. D'Alessandro, E. Focardi, G. Landi, M. Meschini, G. Parrini, G. Passaleva, M. Pieri, A. Salamone, S. Sciortino

Università di Genova e Sezione dell' INFN, Genova, ITALY

P. Fabbricatore, S. Farinon, R. Musenich, C. Priano

Università de L'Aquila e Sezione dell' INFN, L'Aquila, ITALY

F. Cavanna, G. Piano-Mortari, C. Rossi, M. Verdecchia

Università di Padova e Sezione dell' INFN, Padova, ITALY

P. Azzi, N. Bacchetta, M. Benettoni, A. Bettini, D. Bisello, G. Busetto, R. Carlin, A. Castro, S. Centro, E. Conti, M. Da Rold, M. De Giorgi, A. De Min, U. Dosselli, C. Fanin,
F. Gasparini, U. Gasparini, P. Guaita, I. Lippi, M. Loreti, R. Martinelli, A.T. Meneguzzo,
S. Paccagnella, M. Pegoraro, L. Pescara, P. Ronchese, A. Sancho Daponte, P. Sartori,
L. Stanco, I. Stavitski, E. Torassa, L. Ventura, P. Zotto, G. Zumerle

Università di Pavia e Sezione dell' INFN, Pavia, ITALY

V. Arena, G. Belli, G.L. Boca, G. Bonomi, G. Gianini, M. Merlo, S.P. Ratti, C. Riccardi,
L. Viola, P. Vitulo

Università di Perugia e Sezione dell' INFN, Perugia, ITALY

A. Aragona, E. Babucci, P. Bartalini, G.M. Bilei, B. Checcucci, P. Ciampolini, P. Lariccia, G. Mantovani, D. Passeri, P. Placidi, A. Santocchia, L. Servoli, Y. Wang

Università di Pisa e Sezione dell' INFN, Pisa, ITALY

F. Angelini, G. Bagliesi, A. Bardi, A. Basti, F. Bedeschi, S. Belforte, R. Bellazzini,
L. Borrello, F. Bosi, C. Bozzi, P.L. Braccini, A. Brez, R. Carosi, R. Castaldi, G. Chiarelli, M. Chiarelli, V. Ciulli, M. D'Alessandro Caprice, M. Dell'Orso, R. Dell'Orso, S. Donati,
A. Frediani, S. Galeotti, A. Giambastiani, P. Giannetti, A. Giassi, G. Iannaccone, M. Incagli, L. Latronico, V. Lebedenko, F. Ligabue, N. Lumb, G. Magazzu, M.M. Massai , E. Meschi, A. Messineo, L. Moneta, F. Morsani, M. Oriunno2, F. Palla, G. Punzi, F. Raffaelli, R. Raffo, L. Ristori, G. Sanguinetti, P. Spagnolo, G. Spandre, F. Spinella, A. Starodumov,
R. Tenchini, G. Tonelli, E. Troiani, C. Vannini, A. Venturi, P.G. Verdini, Z. Xie, F. Zetti

Università di Roma I e Sezione dell' INFN, Roma, ITALY

S. Baccaro3, L. Barone, B. Borgia, F. Cavallari, I. Dafinei, F. De Notaristefani, M. Diemoz, A. Festinesi3, E. Leonardi, A. Leone, E. Longo, M. Mattioli, M. Montecchi3, G. Organtini, M. Puccini3, E. Valente, A. Zullo

Dip. di Fisica Sperimentale & INFN, Torino, ITALY

M. Arneodo, F. Bertolino, R. Cirio, M. Costa, F. Daudo, M.I. Ferrero, S. Maselli,
V. Monaco, C. Peroni, M.C. Petrucci, R. Sacchi, A. Solano, A. Staiano

Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, Riga, LATVIA

Y. Bilinski

Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, PAKISTAN

P. Hoodbhoy, A. Niaz, I.E. Qureshi, K.N. Qureshi

Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw, POLAND

M. Cwiok, W. Dominik, A. Fengler, J. Krolikowski, I. Kudla, P. Majewski, K. Pozniak

Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, POLAND

M. Górski, P. Zalewski

Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa, PORTUGAL

P. Bordalo, J. Da Silva, A. Ferreira, J. Gomes, R. Nobrega, S. Ramos, S. Silva

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, RUSSIA

S. Afanasiev, I. Anisimov, D. Bandurin, D. Belosludtsev, S. Chatrchyan, A. Cheremukhin, A. Chvyrov, A. Dmitriev, V. Elsha, Y. Erchov, A. Filippov, I. Golutvin, N. Gorbunov,
I. Gramenitsky, I. Ivantchenko, V. Kalagin, V. Karjavin, S. Khabarov, V. Khabarov,
Y. Kiryushin, V. Kolesnikov, V. Konoplyanikov, V. Korenkov, I. Kossarev, A. Koutov,
V. Krasnov, A. Litvinenko, V. Lysiakov, A. Malakhov, G. Mechtcheriakov, I. Melnichenko, P. Moissenz, S. Movchan, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, Y. Petukhov, M. Popov, D. Pose,
R. Pose, A. Samoshkin, M. Savina, S. Selunin, S. Sergeev, S. Shmatov, N. Skachkov,
N. Slavin, D. Smolin, E. Tikhonenko, V. Tyukov, V. Uzhinskii, N. Vlasov, A. Volodko,
A. Yukaev, N. Zamiatin, A. Zarubin, P. Zarubin, E. Zubarev, C. Zubov

Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (St Petersburg), RUSSIA

N. Bondar, G. Gavrilov, Y. Gusev, O. Kisselev, O. Prokofiev, V. Rasmislovich,
D. Seliverstov, I. Smirnov, S. Sobolev, V. Soulimov, G. Velitchko, A. Vorobyov

Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, RUSSIA

G.S. Atoyan, B. Bachtin, R. Djilkibaev, S. Gninenko, N. Goloubev, E.V. Gushin, V. Isakov, V. Klimenko, N. Krasnikov, V.A. Lebedev, V. Marin, V. Matveev, A. Pashenkov, V. Popov, V.E. Postoev, A. Proskouriakov, I. Semeniouk, B. Semenov, V. Shmatkov, A. Skassyrskaia, A. Toropin

Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, RUSSIA

S. Abdullin, E. Doroshkevich, V. Gavrilov, Y. Gershtein, I. Gorelov, V. Kaftanov,
A. Khanov2, V. Kolossov, D. Litvintsev, A. Nikitenko2, A. Nikitin, S. Ouzounian, A. Papin, O.I. Pogorelko, V. Rusinov, V. Semechkin, Y. Semenov, N. Stepanov2, V. Stoline,
Y. Trebukhovsky, A. Ulyanov, A. Yumashev

Moscow State University, Moscow, RUSSIA

A. Belsky, V Bodyagin, A. Demianov, V. Galkin, A. Gribushin, O.L. Kodolova,
V. Korotkikh, N.A. Kruglov, A. Kryukov, I. Lokhtin, V. Mikhailin, L. Sarycheva,
A. Snigirev, I. Vardanyan, A. Vasil'ev, A. Yershov

P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, RUSSIA

E. Devitsin, A.M. Fomenko, V. Kozlov, A.I. Lebedev, S. Potashov, S.V. Rusakov

Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, RUSSIA

V. Aulchenko, B. Baiboussinov, A. Bondar, S. Eidelman, V. Nagaslaev, T. Purlatz,
L. Shekhtman, V. Sidorov, A. Tatarinov

Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, RUSSIA

V. Abramov, I. Azhgirey, S. Bitioukov, A. Dolgopolov, S. Donskov, A. Dyshkant,
V. Evdokimov, P. Goncharov, A. Gorin, V. Katchanov, V. Khodyrev, A. Kondashov,
A. Korablev, Y. Korneev, A. Kostritskii, A. Krinitsyn, V. Kryshkin, I. Manuilov,
V. Medvedev, V. Obraztsov, A. Ostankov, M. Oukhanov, V. Petrov, V.V. Rykalin,
P. Shagin, A. Singovsky, V. Solovianov, V. Sougonyaev, V. Soushkov, A. Surkov,
V. Talanov, S. Tereschenko, L. Turchanovich, N. Tyurin, A. Uzunian, A. Volkov,
A. Zaitchenko

Institute of Computing Machines, Zilina, SLOVAK REPUBLIC

R. Drevenak, V. Sluneckova

Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas, Madrid, SPAIN

M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Alberdi, J.M. Barcala, J. Berdugo, C. Burgos, M. Cerrada, N. Colino, M. Daniel, M. Fernandez, A. Ferrando, M.C. Fouz, M.I. Josa, P. Ladrón de Guevara,
J. Marin, F. Martin Suarez, J. Mocholi, A. Molinero, J. Navarrete, J.C. Oller, J.L. Pablos,
L. Romero, J. Salicio, C. Willmott

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN

C. Albajar

Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, SPAIN

J. Cuevas, C. Figueroa, I. Gonzalez, J.M. Lopez, J. Marco, F. Matorras, T. Rodrigo Anoro, A. Ruiz Jimeno, I. Vila

Universität Basel, Basel, SWITZERLAND

L. Tauscher, M. Wadhwa

CERN, European Laboratory for Particle Physics, Geneva, SWITZERLAND

P.A. Aarnio, D. Abbaneo, P. Antilogus, V. Arbet-Engels, E. Argante, P. Aspell, E. Auffray, P. Baillon, R. Barillère, D. Barney, W. Bell, D. Blechschmidt, Ph. Bloch, M. Bosteels,
J. Bourotte, M. Bozzo, H. Breuker, A. Calvo, D. Campi, A. Caner, E. Cargnel, A. Carraro, A. Cattai, G. Cervelli, G. Chevenier, J. Christiansen, S. Cittolin, I. Crotty, B. Curé,
C. D'Ambrosio, Th. de Visser, D. Delikaris, M. Della Negra, A. Desirelli, B. Dezillie,
A. Elliott-Peisert, H. Foeth, A. Fucci, A. Furtjes, F. Gautheron, J.C. Gayde, H. Gerwig,
K. Gill, W. Glessing, E. Gonzalez Romero, J.P. Grillet, J. Gutleber, C.E. Hackl, F. Hahn, R. Hammarstrom, M. Hansen, M. Hansroul, A. Hervé, M. Hoch, K. Holtman, M. Huhtinen, S. Ilie, V. Innocente, W. Jank, P. Jarron, A. Jusko, Th. Kachelhoffer, K. Kershaw,
F. Klumb, A. Kruse, W. Kurzbauer, T. Ladzinski, Ch. Lasseur, J.M. Le Goff, M. Lebeau,
P. Lecoq, N. Lejeune, F. Lemeilleur, M. Letheren, Ch. Ljuslin, B. Lofstedt, R. Loos,
R. Mackenzie, R. Malina, M. Mannelli, E. Manola-Poggioli, A. Marchioro, M. Marino,
J.M. Maugain, F. Meijers, A. Merlino, Th. Meyer, C. Mommaert, P. Nappey, T. Nyman,
A. Onnela, S. Paoletti, G. Passardi, D. Peach, F. Perriollat, P. Petagna, M. Pimiä, R. Pintus, B. Pirollet, A. Placci, J.P. Porte, J. Pothier, M.J. Price, A. Racz, E. Radermacher,
S. Reynaud, R. Ribeiro, J. Roche, P. Rodrigues Simoes Moreira, O. Runolfsson, D. Samyn, J.C. Santiard, B. Schmitt, M. Schröder, F. Sciacca, P. Siegrist, L. Silvestris, N. Sinanis,
G. Stefanini, B. Taylor, A. Tsirou, J. Varela, F. Vasey, T.S. Virdee4, T. Wikberg,
M. Wilhelmsson, I.M. Willers, G. Wrochna

Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, SWITZERLAND

O. Ayranov, W. Bertl, K. Deiters, P. Dick, A. Dijksmann, M. Fabre, Th. Flügel,
K. Gabathuler, J. Gobrecht, G. Heidenreich, R. Horisberger, Q. Ingram, D. Kotlinski,
R. Morf, D. Renker, R. Schnyder, H.Ch. Walter

Institut für Teilchenphysik, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, SWITZERLAND

H. Anderhub, F. Behner, B. Betev, A. Biland, R. Della Marina, F.R. Di Lodovico,
M. Dittmar, L. Djambazov, M. Dröge, R. Eichler, G. Faber, M. Felcini, K. Freudenreich,
C. Grab, E. Hodin, H. Hofer, I. Horvath, A. Iglesias Lago, P. Ingenito, K. Lassila-Perini,
P. Le Coultre, P. Lecomte, W. Lustermann, P. Marchesini, D. McNally, F. Nessi-Tedaldi,
F. Pauss, D. Pitzl, M. Pohl, G. Rahal-Callot, D. Ren, J. Riedlberger, U. Roeser,
H. Rykaczewski, H. Suter, D. Terribilini, J. Ulbricht, G. Viertel, H. Von Gunten,
S. Waldmeier-Wicki

Universität Zürich, Zürich, SWITZERLAND

C. Amsler, F. Ould-Saada, Ch. Regenfus, P. Robmann, S. Spanier, S. Steiner, P. Truöl

Cukurova University, Adana, TURKEY

I. Dumanoglu, E. Eskut, A. Kayis, A. Kuzucu-Polatöz, G. Önengüt, N. Ozdes Koca,
H. Ozturk

Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, TURKEY

A.S. Ayan, E. Pesen, M. Serin-Zeyrek, R. Sever, P. Tolun, M. Zeyrek

Institute of Single Crystals of National Academy of Science, Kharkov, UKRAINE

V.C. Koba, V. Trofimenko

Kharkov State University, Kharkov, UKRAINE

N.A. Kluban, V. Lebedev

National Scientific Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov, UKRAINE

L.G. Levchuk, A.A. Nemashkalo, V.E. Popov, A.L. Rubashkin, P.V. Sorokin,
A.E. Zatzerklyany

University of Bristol, Bristol, UNITED KINGDOM

D.S. Bailey, R.D. Head, G.P. Heath, H.F. Heath, D. Newbold, R.J. Tapper

Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UNITED KINGDOM

E. Bateman, K.W. Bell, R.M. Brown, S.R. Burge, D.A. Campbell, D.J. Cockerill,
J.F. Connolly, J.A. Coughlan, L.G. Denton, P.S. Flower, M. French, R. Halsall,
W.J. Haynes, F.R. Jacob, P.W. Jeffreys, B. Kennedy, L. Lintern, J. Maddox, G. Noyes, G.N. Patrick, B. Smith, M. Smith, M. Sproston, R. Stephenson

Imperial College, University of London, London, UNITED KINGDOM

G. Barber, J. Batten, R. Beuselinck, D. Britton, W. Cameron, G. Davies, D. Gentry,
D.J. Graham, G. Hall, J.F. Hassard, J. Hays, K. Long, E.B. Martin, D.G. Miller, A. Potts, D.R. Price, D.M. Raymond, C. Seez, L. Toudup, J. Troska

Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UNITED KINGDOM

P. Hobson, D. Imrie, C.K. Mackay, J. Matheson, M. Osborne, S. Watts

Iowa State University, Ames, USA

E.W. Anderson, J. Hauptman, J. Wightman

Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

T. Anticic, B. Barnett, C.Y. Chien, M. A. Frautschi, D. Gerdes, D. Newman, J. Orndorff,
A. Pevsner, X. Xie

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, USA

M. Atac, E. Barsotti, A. Baumbaugh, U. Baur, A. Beretvas, M. Bowden, J. Butler,
A. Byon-Wagner, I. Churin, D. Denisov, M. Diesburg, D.P. Eartly, J.E. Elias, J. Freeman,
I. Gaines, H. Glass, S. Gourlay, D. Green, J. Hanlon, R. Harris, W. Knopf, S. Kwan,
M. Lamm, S. Lammel, P. Mantsch, J. Marraffino, S. Mishra, N. Mokhov, J. Ozelis, A. Para, J. Patrick, A. Pla-Dalmau, R. Raja, A. Ronzhin, T. Sager, M. Shea, R.P. Smith,
R. Tschirhart, R. Vidal, D. Walsh, R. Wands, E. Wilmsen, W.J. Womersley, W. Wu,
A. Yagil

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA

H. Meyer, L. Mo, Th.A. Nunamaker

Boston University, Boston, USA

R. Carey, E. Hazen, O.C. Johnson, E. Kearns, S.B Kim, E. Machado, J. Miller, D. Osborne, B.L. Roberts, J. Rohlf, J. Salen, L. Sulak, J. Sullivan, W. Worstell

Northeastern University, Boston, USA

G. Alverson, H. Fenker, J. Moromisato, Y.V. Musienko, Th. Paul, S. Reucroft, J. Swain,
L. Taylor, E. Von Goeler, T. Yasuda

Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

G. Bauer, J. Friedman, E. Hafen, S. Pavlon, L. Rosenson, P. Sphicas, K.S. Sumorok,
S. Tether, J. Tseng

University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, USA

M. Adams, M. Chung, J. Solomon

University of Maryland, College Park, USA

A. Baden, A. Ball, R. Bard, S.C. Eno, D. Fong, M. Garza, N.J. Hadley, R.G. Kellogg2,
Sh. Kunori, M. Murbach, A. Skuja

The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA

D. Acosta, B. Bylsma, L.S. Durkin, J. Hoftiezer, R. Hughes, M. Johnson, D. Larsen,
T.Y. Ling, C.J. Rush, V. Sehgal, B. Winer

University of California at Davis, Davis, USA

R. Breedon, Y. Fisyak, G. Grim, B. Holbrook, W. Ko, R. Lander, F. Lin, S. Mani,
D. Pellett, J. Smith

Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

B. Gobbi, P. Rubinov, R. Tilden

Fairfield University, Fairfield, USA

C.P. Beetz, V. Podrasky, C. Sanzeni, T. Toohig, D. Winn

University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

P. Avery, R. Field, L. Gorn, J. Konigsberg, A. Korytov, G. Mitselmakher, A. Nomerotski, P. Ramond, J. Yelton

Rice University, Houston, USA

D.L. Adams, M. Corcoran, G. Eppley, H.E. Miettinen, Padley, E. Platner, J. Roberts,
P. Yepes

The University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA

N. Akchurin, A. Cooper, E. McCliment, J.P. Merlo, M. Miller, Y. Onel, R. Winsor

University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA

J. Branson, H. Kobrak, G. Masek, M. Mojaver, H. Paar, G. Raven, M. Sivertz, R. Swanson, A. White

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA

W. Campbell, D.R. Claes, M. Hu, C. Lundstedt, G.R. Snow

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, USA

L. Bertolini, J. Kerns, D. Klem, M. Kreisler, X. Shi, K. Van Bibber, T. Wenaus, D. Wright, C.R. Wuest

Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, USA

R. Barber, Z. Chen, J. Hanlon, B. Michaud, G. Mills, A. Palounek, H.J. Ziock

University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA

K. Arisaka, Y. Bonushkin, F. Chase, D. Cline, S. Erhan, J. Hauser, J. Kubic, M. Lindgren, C. Matthey, S. Otwinowski, J. Park, Y. Pichalnikov, P. Schlein, Y. Shi

Texas Tech University, Lubbock, USA

O. Ganel, V. Papadimitriou, A. Sill, R. Wigmans

University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA

W. Badgett, D. Carlsmith, S. Dasu, F. Feyzi, C. Foudas, M. Jaworski, J. Lackey,
R. Loveless, S. Lusin, D. Reeder, W. Smith

University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA

P. Border, P. Cushman, K. Heller, M. Marshak, R. Rusack, Ch. Timmermans

University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, USA

B. Baumbaugh, J.M. Bishop, N. Biswas, R. Ruchti, J. Warchol, M. Wayne

University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA

K. Bhatt, M. Booke, L. Cremaldi, R. Kroeger, J. Reidy, D. Sanders, D. Summers

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA

J. Bunn, Ph. Galvez, A. Kirkby, H. Newman, S. Shevchenko, R. Zhu

Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA

S. Blyth, A. Engler, Th. Ferguson, H. Hoorani, R. Kraemer, M. Procario, J. Russ, H. Vogel

Princeton University, Princeton, USA

P. Denes, V. Gupta, D. Marlow, P. Piroué, D. Stickland, H. Stone, Ch. Tully, R. Wixted

University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, USA

R.C. Chaney, E.J. Fenyves, H.D. Hammack, M.R. O'Malley, D.J. Suson, A.V. Vassiliev

University of California, Riverside, USA

D. Chrisman, J.W. Gary, P. Giacomelli, W. Gorn, J.G. Layter, B.C. Shen

University of Rochester, Rochester, USA

A. Bodek, H. Budd, P. De Barbaro, D. Ruggiero, W. Sakumoto, E. Skup, P. Tipton

State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA

R. Engelmann, M. Mohammadi Baarmand, K.K. Ng, J. Steffens, S.Y. Yoon

Florida State University - HEPG, Tallahassee, USA

H. Baer, M. Bertoldi, V. Hagopian, K.F. Johnson, J. Thomaston, H. Wahl

Florida State University - SCRI, Tallahassee, USA

M. Corden, Ch. Georgiopoulos, K. Hays, T. Huehn, S. Youssef

University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA

L. Baksay, B. Fenyi, J. Li

Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Long Island, USA

C. Woody

Purdue University - Task D, West Lafayette, USA

A. Bujak, D. Carmony, L. Gutay, S. Medved

Purdue University - Task G, West Lafayette, USA

V.E. Barnes, G. Bolla, D. Bortoletto, M. Fahling, A.F. Garfinkel, A.T. Laasanen

Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Ulugbek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN

A. Avezov, N. Bisenov, A. Gaffarov, E. Gasanov, R. Gulamova, E. Ibragimova, K. Kim,
Y. Koblik, D. Mirkarimov, A. Morozov, N. Rakhmatov, I. Rustamov, A. Urkinbaev,
B. Yuldashev

1 Also at Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia

2 Also at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland

3 Also at ENEA, S. Maria di Galeria, Italy

4 On leave of absence from Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The CMS Hadron Calorimeter Project would like to thank and acknowledge the important technical contributions made to this Technical Design Report by the following individuals:

M. Elongovan, P.R. Joseph, S.D. Kalmani, P. Nagaraj, L.V. Reddy, B. Satyanarayana Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (HECR), Mumbai, India

S. Bhattacharya, S.R. Chendvankar, M.H. Damania, M.R. Patil, N. Raja

Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (EHEP), Mumbai, India

A. Levin, V. Potapov, N. Skvorodnev, Yu. Orlov

Institute of High Energy physics, Protvino, Moscow Region, Russia

L. Bartoszek (consultant), J. Blomquist, S. Carlson, P. Deering, S. Hansen, J. Hoffman, S. Orr, Yu. Orlov, V. Polubotko, C. Rivetta, V. Sidirov

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Q. Shen

Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA

M. Kaya, D. Magarell, J. McPherson, E. Ozel, S. Ozkorucuklu, P. Pogodin

University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA

D. England, T. Haelen

Rochester University, Rochester, New York, USA

The Group is also indebted to the invaluable help given during the preparation of this report under the direction of Terry Grozis and aided by Patty Poole and Olivia Vizcarra of Fermilab.

Cover picture by S. Cittolin (CERN)

CHAPTER 1

1.1 OVERVIEW 11.1.1 The compact muon solenoid 11.1.2 The CMS hadron calorimeter 11.1.3 The CMS baseline barrel calorimeter 31.1.4 The CMS forward calorimeter 41.1.5 The luminosity monitor 51.2 PHYSICS REQUIREMENTS 51.3 THE CMS RADIATION ENVIRONMENT 81.3.1 Overview 81.3.2 Radiation damage 91.3.3 Induced radioactivity 91.3.4 Shielding requirements and materials 91.3.5 Minimum bias events 91.3.6 Radiation transport codes 101.3.7 Barrel and endcap calorimeter 101.3.8 Forward calorimeter 121.3.9 Radiation levels in scintillators 131.3.10 Radiation levels in HPD boxes 141.4 THE CMS HADRON CALORIMETER DESIGN SUMMARY 151.4.1 Requirements and design constraints 151.4.2 The central hadron calorimeter design (HB/HE/HO) 161.4.4 The central calorimeter photodetectors 221.4.5 Front end electronics 221.4.6 Central calorimeter services 251.4.7 Calibration and monitoring 251.4.8 Radiation damage 261.4.9 The forward calorimeter design (HF) 281.5 DESIGN PERFORMANCE (TEST BEAMS, LAB TESTS, SIMULATIONS) 311.5.1 Overview of physics performance 311.5.2 HB/HE test beam results 391.5.3 HF test beam results 591.5.4 HB/HE Simulation 651.5.5 HF simulation 771.6 LUMINOSITY MEASUREMENT AT CMS 871.6.1 The measurements required 871.6.2 Absolute luminosity measurements 881.6.3 HF as the luminosity monitor for couting zeros 921.6.4 Relative luminosity monitoring using HF 92

CHAPTER 2

2.1 MECHANICAL OVERVIEW 962.2 STATIC LOADS 1002.3 DYNAMIC LOADS (ASSEMBLY/INSTALLATION) 1002.4 TOOLING 1002.5 ECAL REQUIREMENTS 1012.6 VACUUM TANK REQUIREMENTS 1012.7 TRACKER MOUNTS AND REQUIREMENTS. 1012.8 WEDGE DESIGN 1012.8.1 Overview 1012.8.2 Plate layout 1032.8.3 Bolts and bolt patterns 1082.8.4 Shear keys ,keyways, and shear pins 1102.8.5 Calorimeter FEA summary 1112.8.6 Prototype Wedge 1172.9 WEDGE CONSTRUCTION QUALITY CONTROL 1252.10 BARREL DESIGN 1252.10.1 Overview 1252.10.2 Wedge layout 1252.10.3 Bolt patterns 1252.11 BARREL MOUNTS (RAILS) 1282.11.1 Cryostat/rail FEA 1282.11.2 Forces and deflections 1392.11.3 Calorimeter support system 1392.11.4 Calorimeter support FEA 1432.12 BARREL ASSEMBLY 1482.12.1 Overview, constraints, specifications 1482.12.2 Assembly scenario 1482.12.3 Tooling design 1632.13 BARREL INSTALLATION 1692.13.1 Overview, constraints, specifications 1692.13.2 Installation scenario 1702.14 ECAL SUPPORTS AND ECAL SAMPLING TILES 1722.15 TRACKING SUPPORTS 173

CHAPTER 3

3.1. OVERVIEW AND REQUIREMENTS 1753.1.1 Overview 1753.1.2 Engineering design requirements 1763.2 HE ABSORBER GEOMETRY 1763.3 HE ABSORBER DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE 1783.3.1 Sector and spacer layout 1793.3.2 Fastening elements of HE 1813.3.3 Forces, stress, deflection 1833.3.4 Finite element analysis of HE 1873.3.5 Materials 1943.3.6 Manufacturing procedures 1953.3.7 Absorber prototype 1963.4 INTERFACE OF HE AND THE ENDCAP MUON SYSTEM 1973.4.1 HE and ME interface 1973.4.2 General requirements 2013.4.3 Fastening elements 2013.4.4 Forces, stresses, deflections 2023.4.5 Interface of HE and EE. 2043.5 ENDCAP CALORIMETER ASSEMBLY 2053.5.1 Assembly scenario 2053.5.2 Factory preassembly 2313.5.3 Facilities requirements (CERN assembly hall) 2313.5.4 Tooling design 2313.6 ACCESS, MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION 231

CHAPTER 4­4.1 OVERVIEW 2324.2 STATIC LOADS AND CONSTRAINTS 2324.3 DYNAMIC LOADS AND CONSTRAINTS 2324.4 MUON SYSTEMS REQUIREMENTS AND CONSTRAINTS 2324.5 OUTER CALORIMETER DESIGN 2344.5.1 Frame layout 2344.5.2 Bolt patterns 2354.5.3 Forces, stresses and deflections 2354.5.4 Assembly and installation 2354.5.5 Prototype sector 2354.5.6 HOE overview, constraints, specifications and requirements 236

CHAPTER 5­5.1 OVERVIEW AND REQUIREMENTS 2375.1.1 Introduction: physics aims 2375.1.2 The HF environment: physics requirements 2375.1.3 The technique: quartz fibre calorimetry 2375.2 HFRADIATION ENVIRONMENT 2385.2.1 Shielding requirements and constraints 2385.2.2 Results of radiation simulations 2385.3 TRANSPORTER PLATFORM 2445.4 HF ELEVATION SYSTEM 2495.5 HF GARAGE POSITION 2525.6 FORWARD CALORIMETER DESIGN 2545.6.1 Overview, constraints, specifications and requirements 2545.6.2 Absorber matrix 2605.6.3 Structural elements 2615.6.4 HF Assembly and installation 2635.6.5 Fibre layout 2655.6.6 Photomultiplier layout/mechanics 2675.7 ACCESS, MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS 2695.7.1 Maintenance in the hall and garage 2695.7.2 Radiation monitors 270References 272

CHAPTER 6

6.1 OVERVIEW 2736.1.1 HB design 2746.1.2 Design Requirements of the HCAL optical system 2776.2 SCINTILLATOR SPECIFICATIONS FOR HB/HE/HOB/HOE 2796.2.1 Scintillator specifications 2796.2.2 Radiation damage. 2816.2.3 Magnetic field 2836.2.4 Quality control. 2836.3 FIBRE SPECIFICATIONS FOR HB/HE/HOB/HOE 2846.3.1 Attenuation length 2846.3.2 Quality control 2866.4 QUARTZ FIBRE SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS (HF) 2876.4.1 Dimensions 2876.4.2 Radiation damage 2886.4.3 Quality control and assurance 2896.5 SCINTILLATOR TRAY DESIGN HB/HE/HOB/HOE 2896.5.1 Hadron barrel scintillator tray design 2896.5.2 HE scintillator tray design 2986.5.4 HOE scintillator tray design 3116.6 HF OPTICAL SYSTEM 3136.6.1 HF fibre insertion tooling 3136.6.2 HF fibre bundling, cutting and polishing 3146.7 MANUFACTURING (HB/HE/HOB/HOE) 3156.7.1 HB manufacturing 3156.7.2 HE manufacturing 3266.7.3 HOB manufacturing 3266.8 OPTICAL CONNECTORS AND CABLES (HB/HE/HOB/HOE) 3296.8.1 Connector and cable design 3296.8.2 Connector production 3306.8.3 Quality control 3306.8.4 Quality assurance 3316.9 HF AIRCORE LIGHT GUIDES 3316.9.1 Design description 3316.9.2 Performance requirements 3366.9.3 Quality control 3366.9.4 Quality assurance 3366.10 CABLE AND FIBRE LAYOUT 3366.10.1 HB layout 3366.10.2 HE layout 3396.10.3 HOB cable layout 3416.10.4 HF layout 3426.11 SHIPPING/INSTALLATION 3426.11.1 HB shipping/installation 3436.11.2 HE shipping/installation 3436.11.3 HOB shipping/installation 3436.11.4 HOE shipping/installation 3436.11.5 HF shipping/installation 3436.12 ACCESS, MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS 3436.12.1 HB/HE access, maintenance and operations 3436.12.2 HOB access, maintenance and operations 3436.12.3 HOE access, maintenance and operations 3446.12.4 HF access, maintenance and operations 344

CHAPTER 7­­­­­7.1 OVERVIEW AND REQUIREMENTS 3467.2 HB OVERVIEW 3477.2.1 HB frontend optical layout 3487.2.2 HB fibre decoder structure and mapping 3507.2.3 HB frontend electronics layout 3567.2.4 HB system interfaces 3607.2.5 HB monitors and controls system 3607.2.6 Access, maintenance, and operations 3617.3 HE/HOE OVERVIEW 3617.3.1 The inner endcap calorimeter (HE) layout 3617.3.2 The outer endcap calorimeter (HOE) layout 3627.3.3 HE/HOE frontend optical layout 3627.3.4 HE/HOE fibre decoder tower structure and mapping 3637.3.5 HE/HOE frontend electronics layout 3687.3.6 HE/HOE system interfaces. 3697.3.7 Monitors and controls system 3697.3.8 Access, maintenance, and operations 3697.4. HOB OVERVIEW 3697.4.1 HOB frontend optical layout 3697.4.2 HOB fibre decoder tower structure and mapping 3717.5 HF OVERVIEW 3727.5.1 Layout of optical fibre bundles 3727.5.2 Layout of light guide/tower 3737.5.3 Layout of transducer/preamp 3737.5.4 High voltage services 3747.5.5 Low voltage services 3747.5.6 Cooling 3747.5.7 Slow controls 375

CHAPTER 8

8.1 HADRON CALORIMETER PHOTODETECTORS 3768.1.1 HB/HE requirements 3768.1.2 HOB and HOE photodetector requirements 3778.2 HPD MEASURED CHARACTERISTICS 3778.3 HPD CHARACTERISTICS FROM TEST BEAM AND RADIATION EXPOSURE 3828.3.1 Response to particles - muons 3828.3.2 DC response and calibration to Cs source 3838.3.3 Lifetime and radiation damage 3848.3.4 Magnetic field studies 3858.3.5 Crosstalk and uniformity 3868.4 HPD DESIGN AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR CMS 3878.5 QUALITY CONTROL AND INSTALLATION 3898.6 HF PHOTOSENSOR SPECIFICATION 3898.7 RADIATION DAMAGE 3958.8 QUALITY ASSURANCE 398References 400CHAPTER 99.1 INTRODUCTION 4019.1.1 Readout electronics overview 4019.1.2 System configuration 4019.1.3 Front end electronics overview 4029.2 REQUIREMENTS 4059.2.1 Performance 4059.2.2 Calibration 4099.2.3 Environment 4109.2.4 Control 4129.2.5 Error detection and handling 4129.3 COMPONENTS 4139.3.1 Overview 4139.3.2 Analog conditioning ASIC - QIE 4159.3.3 ADC 4179.3.4 Channel control ASIC 4189.3.5 Data links 4199.3.6 Quality control, assurance and monitoring 4209.4 ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION 4219.4.1 Barrel and endcap readout boxes 4219.4.2 Forward readout electronics 4249.5 EXPECTED PERFORMANCE 4259.5.1 Event data 4259.5.2 Calibration data 4259.6 SERVICES AND UTILITIES 4269.6.1 Cables, wires and connectors 4269.6.2 Cooling 4279.7 ACCESS, MAINTENANCE AND OPERATIONS 4279.7.1 Inner barrel and end cap electronics 4279.7.2 Outer barrel and end cap electronics 4289.7.3 Forward electronics 428References 430CHAPTER 1010.1 OVERVIEW 43110.1.1 Calibration and monitoring systems 43110.1.2 Discussion of choice of calibration techniques 43310.2 SPECIFICATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS (HB/HE/HO/HF) 43510.3 SOURCE CALIBRATIONS 43610.3.1 Design specifications 43610.3.2 Layout 43910.3.3 System interfaces 44310.3.4 Data acquisition and processing 44310.3.5 Access, maintenance and operations 44410.4 LASER CALIBRATION AND OTHER LIGHT INJECTION 44410.4.1 Specifications 44410.4.2 Design 44510.4.3 Layout for HB, HE, HO and HF 45110.4.4 HF normalisation 45210.4.5 HF radiation damage monitoring 45310.4.6 Other HF normalisation 45310.4.7 Data acquisition and processing 45310.4.8 HF calibration and monitoring 45410.5 OTHER SYSTEMS 45710.6 HADRON CALORIMETER TIMING 45710.6.1 Time variation within a calorimeter wedge 45810.6.2 Timing correction within a decoder box 45810.6.3 Overall timing 45810.6.4 Data acquisition and processing 45810.7 CALIBRATION WITH COLLIDER DATA 45910.7.1 Calibration using taus 45910.7.2 Jet energy scale 45910.7.3 Dijet resonances 459References 459

CHAPTER 11

11.1 INTRODUCTION 46311.1.1 Overview 46311.1.2 First-level trigger system 46311.1.3 Data acquisition system 46411.2 ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONALITY 46511.2.1 System layout 46511.2.2 Data Links between detector and counting room 46611.2.3 Linearisation of the data 46611.2.4 First-level trigger data 46711.2.5 Second-level trigger data and event data 46911.2.6 Calibration data 47111.2.7 Control 47111.2.8 Testing and diagnostics 47211.3 COMPONENTS 47211.3.1 Lineariser ASIC 47211.3.2 Adder ASIC 47311.3.3 Pipeline ASIC 47511.3.4 Filter 1 ASIC 47611.3.5 Filter 2 ASIC 47811.3.6 Read out controller ASIC 47911.3.7 Data links 48011.3.8 Front end driver/detector dependent unit 48011.4 PROTOTYPE TEST RESULTS 48011.5 ASSEMBLY AND INSTALLATION 48111.5.1 Multichip module 48111.5.2 Readout VME module 48311.5.3 Crate system 48311.5.4 Quality control, assurance, and monitoring 48311.6 ACCESS AND MAINTENANCE 48311.6.1 Access 48311.6.2 Maintenance 483References 484

CHAPTER 12

12. HIGH AND LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEMS 48512.1 HIGH VOLTAGE SYSTEMS 48512.1.1 Barrel and endcap photodetectors 48512.1.2 Forward photodetectors HF 48812.2 LOW VOLTAGE SYSTEMS 49112.2.1 Barrel and endcap electronics 49112.2.2 Forward electronics 495References 497CHAPTER 13­13.1. OVERVIEW 49813.2 DCS OVERVIEW 49813.2.1 Design principles 49813.2.2 Controls software system 50013.3 DISTRIBUTED DATA IN THE HCAL DETECTOR 50113.3.1 Arcnet 50113.3.2 CAN bus 50113.3.3 Processor for the readout box controller 50113.3.4 Crate based systems 50213.4 VOLTAGES AND CURRENTS 50213.4.1 Photodetector high voltage 50213.4.2 Frontend electronics power supplies 50213.4.3 Crates and racks 50213.5 TEMPERATURES 50313.6 SOURCE CALIBRATION 50313.7 LUMINOSITY MONITOR 50413.8 ARCHIVES 50413.9 TESTING FACILITIES 504

CHAPTER 14

14.1 OVERVIEW 50514.2 ELECTRONICS 50514.2.1 Introduction 50514.2.2 Overview 50514.2.3 Overcurrent protection 50614.2.4 Rack and crate protection 50814.2.5 High voltage 50814.2.6 Cooling 50914.3 MECHANICAL 50914.4 FIRE PROTECTION 51014.4.1 Overview 51014.4.2 Combustible material 51114.4.3 Detection 51114.4.4 Suppression 51114.4.5 Prevention and loss control 51114.5 RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS 513

CHAPTER 15

15.1 SCHEDULE AND PLANNING 51415.2 COST ESTIMATES 51715.3 COST PROFILE - TENTATIVE 51815.4 MONEY MATRIX 51815.5 MANAGEMENT CONTROL 51915.6 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES 520References 526